Facts highlight requirement of a cut in import duties, not a hike
by Suman Gupta
Mumbai,July 2019: Medical Technology Association of India (MTaI), which represents leading research-based medical technology companies with large footprint in manufacturing, R&D and training in India, today said the growth in imports of medical devices is being purposely exaggerated by a section of the domestic manufacturers to suit their agenda of seeking a hike in customs duty.
This section of domestic manufacturers is presenting imports value of 2018-19 as being 25% higher than the previous year. The numbers are being presented in rupee terms, which is an erroneous measure as the value of rupee has depreciated sharply and therefore it does not present the correct picture. During the fiscal 2018-19, there was a sharp decline in INR to the extent of about 15% at its peak and if a full year’s average is considered, the rupee depreciated by 8.5% in fiscal 2018-19 over previous fiscal. Therefore, data in rupee terms is not comparable because of the effect of depreciating currency. One has to study the figures in US Dollar to deduce a logical conclusion.
Let’s take a simple example: Suppose the imports have increased 10% from INR 1000 in 2017-18 to INR 1100 in 2018-19. During this period, actual data show that INR had depreciated from Rs. 65.31 a US Dollar to Rs. 70.82 a US Dollar. If one considers the imports in US$ terms based on the value of INR to a US Dollar, imports growth is 1.44% only.
| 2017-18 | 2018-19 | Growth | |
| Import value (in INR) | 1,000 | 1,100 | 10% |
| 1 USD Vs INR | 65.31 | 70.82 | |
| Import value (In US$ ) | 15.31 | 15.53 | 1.44% |
A look at the import data from Export-Import Data Bank on Department of Commerce’s website makes things amply clear. Imports under chapter 90 that contains all medical devices, grew 19.82% in 2018-19 from a year earlier when expressed in rupee terms. However, the corresponding growth in US$ terms was only 10.45%. The screenshots of data fetched from Commerce Ministry website (https://commerce-app.gov.in/eidb/default.asp) are given in the annexure.
“Besides repeatedly publicizing hazy data that can skew the narrative, fictitious figures are being presented as facts,” MTaI Chairman & Director General and Vygon India Managing Director Pavan Choudary said.
The section of domestic manufacturers claim that before implementation of GST, imports of medical devices attracted 18.5% taxes (including 7.5% customs duty, 6% countervailing duty and 4% special additional duties) and that after GST only 0-7.5% taxes are being paid by importers.
“The fact is after the GST regime, importers have to pay respective customs duty which is around 7.5%-10% in addition to 12% of GST. So in effect, importers are paying more taxes after GST regime than before. It is true that the input tax credit is applicable against GST component on inputs, but the same is available for locally manufactured goods as well. In total, GST regime does not benefit importers in any way over domestic players. In fact, post-GST import duties on many implantable devices have gone up to 10% due to increase in custom duties,” said MTaI Director and Bausch and Lomb MD Mr. Sanjay Bhutani.
Considering these facts, the demand of a section of domestic manufacturers to increase customs duties on imported medical devices based on inexact interpretation of government data is specious. Pavan Choudary adds, “The saving grace is that such unrefined interpretations are not succeeding in distorting policy formulation. In fact, we are glad that the current government has for the first time constituted a National Medical Device Promotion Council to boost manufacturing, attract investments and promote exports. We hope this body will peer deep in to facts and come up with an irrefutable diagnosis and well considered prescriptions to catalyse make in India in patient and country interests.”
Experts opine that higher custom duties would prove counterproductive by impacting the cost of medical devices which will ultimately pass on to the patient, which goes against the efforts of the government to provide affordable healthcare for all through pathbreaking policies like AB-PMJAY. Additionally, since the custom duty regime on most of the medical devices in several neighboring countries are lower than in India, the difference in duties created could lead to the smuggling of the low-bulk-high-value devices. The result will not only be a loss of revenue for the government but the patients will also be beset with products which are not backed by adequate legal & service guarantees.
“We must carefully note that China, even in segments like consumables where it has near self-sufficiency, has reduced their custom duties from 4 per cent to 3.3 per cent in 2017 for several products to avoid the problem of smuggling and to inject competition in the sector. Indian basic custom duty rate at 7.5% is clearly too high in the Asia-Pacific milieu and should be revised downward,” says Mr. Probir Das, Director, MTaI.
The facts on the ground point to an advantageous situation for domestic manufacturers, whether local or global. The excise duty that was applicable on domestic manufactured goods got subsumed in GST. The GST imposition also gets balanced with the provision of input tax credit by the buyers of these goods.
“The government should actually look at reducing import duties on medical devices especially spare parts and implantable devices,” said Mr. Badhri Iyengar, Director of MTaI and Managing Director of Smith & Nephew, India. This is more important now than ever before as the bottom lines of several companies importing medical devices have taken a hit of 14-19% because of multiple factors as enumerated below.
- The landing cost has increased between 10-15% due to INR devaluation.
- Inflationary trend as indicated by WPI of 4-5% has increased operational cost.
- Companies cannot increase the MRP of medical devices by more than 10% in a year. Therefore the companies have to absorb any increase in costs, affecting their bottom line.
“The GST Council should also reduce GST rate on medical devices from 12% to 5% besides notifying hospital services under Zero GST rate. This would reduce healthcare cost to patients as companies will supply the devices at lower cost and hospitals will be able to claim input tax credit,” Mr. Kaustav Banerjee, Director, MTaI & MD Zimmer Biomet, India, said. At present hospitals are exempt from GST, which prevents imposition of GST on their services but at the same time prevents them from claiming input tax credit.
(The Annexure containing screenshots of data fetched from Ministry of commerce website on Import of medical devices is pasted below after the brief MTaI profile)
About Medical Technology Association of India (MTaI):Medical Technology Association of India (MTaI – pronounced as Em-tai) is a not-for-profit organization duly registered under sub-section (2) of section 7 of the Companies Act, 2013 and Rule 8 of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014.
MTaI is an association of research-based medical technology companies who have made remarkable investments in Manufacturing, R&D and Health Care Workers Training in India. MTaI represents a wide spectrum of the medical device industry with global experience in innovation and manufacturing. All the time stressing on the three hallmarks of healthcare – Quality, Consistency and Patient Safety, MTaI wants to be a responsible voice of the industry. The association is committed to improving access to affordable and quality healthcare for patients.
MTaI looks to partner with the Government of India in setting a roadmap for the growth of medical devices sector by bringing in even bigger investments in this sector, through ‘Make in India’ and through technology upgradation and dissemination in the provider space.
Website: http://mtaiindia.org/
